The Study of Persian and French Relative Structure Based on the Typology and Contrastive Linguistics Interaction

Mowlaei Kuhbanani, Hamed

doi:10.22067/rltf.2022.71772.1021

The Study of Persian and French Relative Structure Based on the Typology and Contrastive Linguistics Interaction

Document Type : Original Article

Author

hamed Mowlaei Kuhbanani

Linguistics and Translation Studies Department , Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan

10.22067/rltf.2022.71772.1021

Abstract

Relative Structure (RS) is on the core attention of both Typologists and experts in Second
Language Acquisition (SLA). There are two reasons for this attention including the RS role
in the typological classification of languages and the difficulty of foreign language’s RS for
second language learner. This study aimed to provide a contrastive analysis of Persian and
French RS based on typological criterion for facilitating the process of learning French by
Persian speaking learners. The results of contrasting syntactic structure show that both
languages have external-headed/postnominal RS. This means that Relative Clause (RC) is
embedded to the main clause in both languages. The position of Persian and French in the
Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy (Keenan & Comeri 1977) is almost the same. However,
relative marker, relativization strategies and RC extrapositon are the main syntactic
differences of the two languages. Persian uses just one complementizer (ke) as its relative
marker but French has 6 relative markers which are either relative pronoun or
complementizer. Persian has gap and pronoun retention strategies while French uses just
relative pronoun strategy. Furthermore, French RC has more constraints for being extraposed
to postverbal position in comparison to Persian one. As the last point, RCs are linguistic habit
in French and have a higher frequency of usage than Persian RC.

Keywords

Typology

Contrastive Analysis

Relative Structure

Persian

French

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