Recherches en langue et Traduction Francaises

Recherches en langue et Traduction Francaises

Attribution d'attention aux mots avec espace plein et demi-espace dans deux films français sous-titrés: une étude d'eye-tracking

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 .دکتری مطالعات ترجمه، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 Associate professor of Translation Studies at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Abstract
The use of eye-tracking technology has become a prevalent and accurate method for measuring challenges the audience may face while reading subtitles in different languages. Using the same technology, this study investigates if reading words with full space and half space in Persian subtitles is in any way different from each other. To fulfill this goal, 32 participants voluntarily took part in an eye tracking experiment where they read the segments of two French films. Each segment included two versions (one with half space and the other one with full space). Meanwhile, SMI eye-tracking suite was used to record and analyze the participants’ eye movement parameters and data. Fixation duration, fixation number, first fixation duration and subject hit count of the participants were analyzed in SPSS. The results showed that there was a non-significant difference between the words with half space and full space. Still, the attention allotted to words with half space was lower compared to the words with full space. According to the heatmaps, in words with full space, the attention is split between the two parts that are separated by the full space. Thus, the word itself is not considered as a whole when full space is used.
Keywords

  • بامشادی، پ.، و قطره، ف. (1396). چندمعنایی پسوند «-ی» فارسی: کندوکاوی در چهارچوب ساختواژه ساختی. جستارهای زبانی، 7 (42)، 265-285.
  • خوش سلیقه، م، و فاضلی حق پناه، ا. (1395). فرایند و ویژگی های زیرنویس غیرحرفه ای در ایران. مطالعات زبان و ترجمه، 49(2)، 67-95.
  • زاهدی، ص.، و خوش سلیقه، م. (1397). «مقایسۀ حرکات چشمی در خوانش واژگان قاموسی و دستوری زیرنویس‌های فارسی با استفاده از فناوری ردیاب چشمی». جستارهای زبانی، 4(10)، 313-338.
  • ستایش، ح. (1389). «نیم‌فاصله و نقش آن در نگارش کلمات مرکب». ماهنامه سبک شناسی نظم و نثر فارسی (بهار ادب)، 3(4)، 245-260.
  • ﺳﻤﺎﺋﯽ، ﻓ. ( 1388). ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ زبان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ زﯾﺮﻧﻮﯾﺲ‌های شبکه خبر. ﺗﻬﺮان: ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺻﺪاوﺳیمای ﺟﻤﻬﻮری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان.
  • داوودی،ح. (1388). راهنمای نگارش مواد آموزشی. شیوه نامـه منتـشر نـشده سـازمان پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزشی.
  • صفاری مقدم، ا. (1386). «فاصله گذاری در خط فارسی». نامه فرهنگستان،4(9)، 123-137
  • فاضلی حق پناه، ا.، و خوش­سلیقه، م. (1397). «انگیزه ها و دلایل طرفدار زیرنویسی فیلم ها و سریاال های کره ای». مطالعات زبان و ترجمه، 51(4)، 1-20.
  • کشاورز، پ.، و ستاری، ع. (1390). کاربرد خط فارسی در تلویزیون. تهران: مرکز تحقیقات صداوسیمای جمهوری اسلامی ایران.
  • مدرس خیابانی، ش. (1397). «آسیب‌شناسی نگارشی زیرنویس‌ها در شبکه‌های تلویزیونی خبر و آی‌فیلم: پژوهشی پیکره‌بنیاد». رسانه‌های دیداری شنیداری، 12( 27)، 31-60.

 

Abdi, Z., & Khoshsaligheh, M. (2018). «Applying multimodal transcription to Persian subtitling». Studies About Languages, 32, 21-38.

Ameri, S., & Khoshsaligheh, M. (2019). «Iranian amateur subtitling apparatus: A qualitative investigation». Mutatis Mutandis: Revista Latinoamericana de Traducción, 12(2), 431-451. doi:10.27533/udea.mut.v12n2a08

Ameri, S., & Khoshsaligheh, M. (2022). «Insights into Iranian younger audiences of Persian amateur subtitling». Onomázein. doi:10.7764/onomazein.56.07

Booij, G. (2005). The Grammar of Words. New York: Oxford University Press.

Bridgeman, B. (1992). «Conscious vs unconscious processes: The case of vision». Theory and Psychology, 2(1), 73-88.

Caffrey, C. (2012). «Subtitles: Readable dialogue? ». In E. Perego (Ed.), Eye-tracking in Audiovisual Translation (Pp. 223-104). Rome: Arcane.

D’Ydewalle, G., and De Bruycker. W. (2007). «Eye Movements of Children and Adults While Reading Television Subtitles». Journal of European Psychologist, 12, 196–205.

D’Ydewalle, G., Rensbergen, J., and Pollet, J. (1987). «Reading a message when the same message is available  auditorily  in  another  language:  The  case  of  subtitling».  In  J.  K.  O’Reagan & A. Lévy-Schoen (Eds.), Eye Movements: From Physiology to Cognition. Amsterdam/ New York. 313–321.

D’Ydewalle, Gery and Gielen. Ingrid.  (1992). «Attention allocation with overlapping sound, image, and text». In K. Rayner (Ed.), Eye Movements and Visual Cognition: Scene Perception and Reading. New York. 415–427.

Díaz Cintas, J., and Remael, A. (2007). Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.

D'Ydewalle,  G., Praet , C.,  Verfaillie, K., and  van  Rensbergen, J.  (1991). «Watching  Subtitled Television: Automatic Reading Behaviour». Journal of Communication Research, 18, 650–666.

Ghia, E. (2012). «The impact of translation strategies on subtitle reading». In E. Perego (Ed.), Eye-tracking in Audiovisual Translation. Rome: Arcane. 157-182.

Gottlieb, H. (1994). «Subtitling: people translating people. In Teaching translation and interpreting 2, insights, aims, visions». Papers from the second language international conference. Elsinore, Denmark 4-6 June 1993. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 261-274.

Ivarsson, J., and Carroll, M. (1998). Subtitling. Simrishamn: TransEdit HB.

Just, M. A., and Carpenter, P. (1980). «A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension». Psychological Review, 87, 329-354.

Khoshsaligheh, M., Ameri, S., & Mehdizadkhani, M. (2018). «A Socio-Cultural Study of Taboo Rendition In Persian Fansubbing: An Issue of Resistance». Language and Intercultural Communication, 18(6), 663-680. doi:10.1080/14708477.2017.1377211

Khoshsaligheh, M., Ameri, S., Khajepour, B., & Shokoohmand, F. (2019). «Amateur subtitling in a dubbing country: The reception of Iranian audience». Observatorio, 13(3), 71-94.

Khoshsaligheh, M., Ameri, S., Shokoohmand, F., & Mehdizadkhani, M. (2020). «Subtitling in the Iranian Mediascape: Towards a Culture-Specific Typology». International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 8(2), 55-74.

Lång, J., Mäkisalo, J., Gowases, T., and Pietinen, S. (2013). «Using eye tracking to study the effect of badly synchronized subtitles on the gaze paths of television viewers». New Voices in Translation Studies, 10, 72-86.

Moran, S. (2012). «The effect of linguistic variation on subtitle reading». In E. Perego (Ed.), Eye-tracking in Audiovisual Translation. Rome: Arcane. 183-222.

Muñoz, C. (2017). «The role of age and proficiency in subtitle reading. An eye-tracking study». System, 67, 77–86.

Perego, E. (2008). «Subtitles and line-breaks: Towards improved readability». In D. Chiaro, C. Heiss, & C. Bucaria (Eds.), Between Text and Image. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 211-226.

Perego, E., Laskowska, M., Matamala, A., Remael, A., Robert I. S., Szarkowska A., Vilaró A and Bottiroli, S.  (2016).  «Is  subtitling  equally  effective  everywhere?  A  first  cross-national  study  on  the reception   of   interlingually   subtitled   messages». Empirical   Approaches   to   Audiovisual Translation: Special issue of Across Languages and Cultures, 17(2), 205-229.

Rayner, K., and Duffy, A.  (1988). «On-line comprehension processes and eye movements in reading». In M. Daneman, G.E. MacKinnon, & T.G. Waller (Eds), Reading Research: Advances in Theory and Practice. New York. 13-66.

Rayner, K., Reichle, E.D., Stroud, M.J., Williams, C.C., and Pollatsek, A. (2006). «The Effect of word frequency, word predictability, and font difficulty on the eye movements of young and older readers». Psychology and Aging, 21,  219-226.

Schotter, E.R., and Rayner, K. (2012). «Eye movements in reading: Implication for reading subtitles». In E. Perego (Ed.), Eye tracking in Audiovisual Translation. Rome: Arcane. 83-104.

Shamsi T.I., Adamczyk, P. D., Zheng, S., and Bailey, B. P. (2005). «Towards an Index of Opportunity: Understanding Changes in Mental Workload during Task Execution». Human Factors in Computing Systems: Proceedings of CHI’05. New York: ACM Press, 311-320.

Szarkowska, Agnieszka, Krejtz, Izabela, Krejtz, Krzysztof and Duchowski, Andrew. (2013). «Harnessing the potential of eye-tracking for media accessibility». In S. Grucza, M. Płużyńska, J. Zając, S. Grucza, M. Płużyńska, & J. Zając (Eds.), Translation Studies and Eye-Tracking Analysis. Peter Lang Verlag. 153–184.

 

 

Send comment about this article
Enter Name.
Enter a valid email address.
Enter a vaid affiliation.
Enter comments (At leaset 10 words)
CAPTCHA Image
Enter Security Code Correctly.

  • Receive Date 30 October 2020
  • Revise Date 17 March 2021
  • Accept Date 25 March 2021